Difference between the synchronic and diachronic linguistics or approach to the study of a language. English literature

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Difference between the synchronic and diachronic approaches for the study of a language in English.







Synchronic and diachronic किसी भाषा (भाषाओं) के अध्ययन के लिए विकसित हुए दो दृष्टिकोण (approach) हैं।  Synchronic एक विशिष्ट समयावधि में, आमतौर पर वर्तमान में, किसी भाषा का अध्ययन है।  जबकि diachronic approach ( दृष्टिकोण)  समय के साथ भाषाओं में विकास और परिवर्तनों का अध्ययन करती है।  उदाहरण के लिए अंग्रेजी भाषा का अध्ययन कि यह लैटिन और ग्रीक भाषा से कैसे विकसित हुई है, diachronic approach/linguistics (दृष्टिकोण/भाषाविज्ञान) के अंतर्गत आएगा।


 19वीं शताब्दी के भाषाविदों ने भाषा के ऐतिहासिक पहलुओं पर अधिक ध्यान केंद्रित किया।  उनका मुख्य अध्ययन क्षेत्र विभिन्न भाषाओं के विश्लेषण की ओर था कि कैसे ये भाषाएं समय के साथ बदलावों से गुज़री हैं और उन भाषाओं को उनकी एक ही मूल पूर्वज भाषा के आधार पर भाषा परिवारों में बांटा जाना था।  ये सभी अध्ययन diachronic Linguistics के अंतर्गत आते हैं।


 Synchronic linguistics (भाषाविज्ञान/दृष्टिकोण) की approach को स्विस भाषाविद् फर्डिनेंड डी सौसुरे द्वारा अपने course on General Linguistics में पेश किया गया था, जिसे मरणोपरांत 1916 में प्रकाशित किया गया। Saussure ने diachronic approach के ऊपर synchronic approach को प्रधानता दी, उनका तर्क है कि, जब कोई speaker किसी भाषा के तथ्यों का अध्ययन करता है तो पहली बात जो उसके सामने आती है वह उस भाषा की एक स्थिर स्थिति है, समय के साथ भाषा में बदलाव वक्ता के लिए मायने नहीं रखता।


 इसके अलावा, किसी भाषा का एक प्रामाणिक Diachronic work केवल तभी संभव है जब हमारे पास उसकी synchronic work का सही विवरण हो।  यद्यपि synchronic शब्द अपने आप में भ्रामक है क्योंकि इसका अर्थ "समय के साथ" होता है लेकिन यह एक भाषा के विवरण, व्याकरण, वर्गीकरण और इसकी विशेषताओं का अध्ययन करती है।


 जबकि Diachronic भाषाविज्ञान, जिसका शाब्दिक अर्थ "पूरे समय में" होता है, शब्दों की व्युत्पत्ति, भाषाओं की तुलना और समय के साथ उनके विकास का अध्ययन करता है।  दोनों दृष्टिकोण काफी भिन्न हैं और उनका अध्ययन अलग अलग किंतु एक दूसरे का संदर्भ लेकर करने की आवश्यकता है।

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