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 Ten Processes of Word Formation Table of contents 1. Word Formation 2. What is word formation 3. Processes of word formation Coinage Borrowing Compounding Blending Clipping Back formation Conversion Derivation Acronyms Abbreviations Word Formation : Word formation is a branch of linguistics which examines derived words in terms of their origin and functioning, their productivity and use in different styles of speech.  Word formation is an important means of supplementing or enhancing vocabulary. It helps in forming specialized terms. There are about ten processes of word formation, which we are going to discuss in this article. Word formation has traditionally been considered a branch of lexicology. Lexicology refers to the study of the form, meaning and behaviour of words.  Word formation is also considered a branch of morphology as morphemes help in forming new words. In this way, word formation is also known as derivational morphology. What is word forma...

M.A. Question Paper, June-2022 English Literature (Paper - II)  English Language Max.M. 85/ Min.M.28 Section-A (Objective type question) Note: Attempt all questions. Each question carries 02 marks. (5x2=10) Q1. Choose the correct option : (i) What is the scientific study of language -  (a) Linguistics     (b) Syntax (c) Morphology   (d) Phonetics (ii) What is the study of sentence construction - (a) Linguistics      (b) Syntax (c) Morphology    (d) Phonetics (iii) The Study of phonetics can be divided into -  (a) Four                  (b) Five (c) Three                (d) Two (iv) The Smallest unit of words is called -  (a) Phoneme         (b) Allophone (c) Semantics        (d) morpheme (v) Which of these is not a level of language -  (a) Running          ...

 Phonetics & Phonology in Linguistics Phonetics :- Phonetics is a branch of linguistics which is concerned with the production of speech sounds by humans. It is the scientific study of various forms of sounds and their production, transmission and reception. As a science, it also deals with the articulation, description, classification and production of speech sounds. Phonetics can be sub divided into three branches :- 1) Articulatory phonetics, 2) Acoustic phonetics, 3) Auditory phonetics, Let's discuss them briefly one by one: 1) Articulatory phonetics :-   It studies the movements of speech organs which produce sounds of a language. These various organs of speech such as lips, tongue, larynx, teeth, soft and hard palate etc. by their restricted movements produce various speech sounds. These organs take part in the articulation of words. 2) Acoustic phonetics :- This branch deals with the sound waves or the physical properties of the sounds. It studies the properties of ...

 Morph, Morpheme & Allomorph  Morph, Morpheme and Allomorph are the units of a Language that are studied under Morphology, a branch of linguistics. Morphology is the field of linguistics focused on the study of the forms and the formation of words in a language including their inflection, derivation and composition. It is the study of the smallest grammatical unit of a language. These basic elements are technically known as morphemes. Let's now discuss what a Morpheme is: Morpheme : Morpheme is the smallest indivisible unit having meaningful content and grammatical function. According to George Yule- a morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. " a morpheme is the smallest contrastive unit of grammar" . for example, the word book and pen both are the smallest units and are contrastive that means they are not the same or identical. Smallest means they can not be further subdivided, if we divide them further they will result into meaningless rem...

Morphology Que. Define morphology. How is it different from Syntax? The word morphology is of Greek origin. The term 'morph' means a shape or form and morphology means the study of forms.  The term morphology was originally used in Biology but since the middle of the 19th Century it has also been used to describe the study of all those basic elements that are used in a language. These basic elements are technically known as morphemes. Definition of Morphology: Morphology is the branch of linguistics that deals with the words, their internal structure and how they are formed. Morphology is the study of the smallest grammatical unit of a language. It is the field of linguistics focused on the study of the forms and the formation of words in a language including their inflection, derivation and composition. Broadly speaking, it is the study of how words are formed, where they originate from, what their grammatical forms are, how and why their forms change and on what basis the ...

Organs of speech Speech Organs Introduction: Organs of Speech :- The use of spoken language involves a complicated series of operations. The concept in the speaker's brain is given a linguistic form, which is communicated by the nerves to the speech organs. As a result of the movement of these speech organs, some disturbances are set up in the air and sound waves are emerged. These sound waves are received by the listener's ear. And listener's mind interpret these waves into a meaningful words and the process of speech is completed.  Thus with the help of some organs the speech is produced and these organs are called the organs of speech.  Now, we can give the definition of the Organs of Speech as follows:    "the organs which are involved in the production of speech are called organs of speech." Organs of speech diagram Note also read: theme of Savitri by Aurobindo. Various Organs of Speech :- Figure-1 shows the various organs of speech. The wind-pipe carrying th...

RP in English Language (Recieved Pronunciation)  Wikimedia commons RP is an abbreviation for 'Received    Pronunciation'. It is the distinguished accent of English, typically British in nature and traditionally regarded as standard for British English. It is the accent of British social elite class and Aristocrats. It is also referred to as Queen's English or BBC English or Oxford English as they use or traditionally used this unique form of English. However BBC and Oxford University have discontinued with this tradition. The term RP was coined by A J Ellis in 1869, however it began to be  widely associated with accent of elite class only after Daniel Jones' work English pronunciation Dictionary (1924).              RP is not a dialect, hence it is not concerned with the vocabulary, grammar or style. Further, It is also  un-identified with any region and is geographically independent. It is rather an accent with which we can m...

Difference between Synchronic and Diachronic Linguistics (approach to study of language) Table of Contents:- 1) Introduction: Synchronic & Diachronic Linguistics.     1. Synchronic Linguistics.     2. Diachronic Linguistics. 2) Difference between Synchronic & Diachronic Linguistics. 3) Read More in Linguistics. 4) Frequently Asked Questions. Introduction : Synchronic & Diachronic Linguistics :- Synchronic and diachronic are the two approches that have evolved for the study of a language(s). Synchronic is the study of a language at a specific period of time usually at present. While diachronic approach studies the evolution and changes in languages through time. For example the study of English language that how it has evolved from Latin and Greek would fall under the diachronic approach/ linguistics. इस आर्टिकल को हिन्दी मे पढ़ने के लिए नीचे दी हुई लिंक पर जाएं:- Difference between the synchronic and diachronic approaches for the study of ...

  To Read This Article in English Click Here:- Approaches to the study of a language: Synchronic and diachronic. भाषाविज्ञान (Linguistics) में भाषा के अध्ययन के लिए दो दृष्टिकोण (approach - तरीके) विकसित हुए हैं।  ये दो दृष्टिकोण synchronic (समकालिक) और diachronic (ऐतिहासिक) हैं।  Synchronic Approach का concept एक स्विस भाषाविद् Ferdinand de Saussure ने अपनी कृति Course on General Linguistics में दिया था जिसे 1916 में मरणोपरांत प्रकाशित किया गया था। उनसे पहले के भाषाविद मुख्य रूप से भाषाओं के ऐतिहासिक विकास के अध्ययन पर ध्यान केंद्रित करते थे।  सॉसर (Saussure) ने किसी समयसीमा में भाषा को उसकी किसी एक अवस्था पर अध्ययन को प्राथमिकता दी।   Synchronic Linguistics (समकालिक भाषाविज्ञान):-  Synchronic Linguistics, जिसे discriptive (वर्णनात्मक) या general (सामान्य भाषाविज्ञान) के रूप में भी जाना जाता है, एक विशेष समय में किसी भाषा का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन है आमतौर पर उसके वर्तमान स्वरूप में।  हालाँकि अतीत में किसी भी समय विशेष पर किसी भाषा का अध्ययन भी इसी...

Synchronic and diachronic linguistics (Approaches to study of language) General Introduction:- In linguistics there has developed two approaches to the study of a language. These two approaches are synchronic and diachronic. The former concept was theorised by a Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure in his work Course in general linguistics which was published posthumously in 1916. Before him linguists used to mainly focus on the study of historical evolution of languages. Saussure gave primacy to the study of a language at its state especially in the present . Synchronic Linguistics:- Synchronic linguistics, also known as descriptive or general linguistics, is the analytical study of a language at a particular time, usually at its present form. However the study of a language at any point in past also falls under this but that study should be only of a state of language at that point of time. It means it studies the language at a particular period without any reference to its earlier o...